Implementing "say" exercise for R track (#394)

* Adding say exercise to R track

* put example and stub in the right places

* Update example.R

changed `small.n` to `small_n` and added spaces aound `=` to fix linter warnings.

* Update test_say.R

Added `# nolint` to a long line

---------

Co-authored-by: Colin Leach <[email protected]>

Author: frequenter-at-exercism

config.json

@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
         "prerequisites": [],
         "difficulty": 5,
         "topics": [
-           "math"
+          "math"
         ]
       },
       {
@@ -931,6 +931,14 @@
         "practices": [],
         "prerequisites": [],
         "difficulty": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "slug": "say",
+        "name": "Say",
+        "uuid": "c87b10f2-0920-4fdc-9143-a879708b24f2",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 5
       }
     ]
   },

exercises/practice/say/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Instructions
+
+Given a number from 0 to 999,999,999,999, spell out that number in English.
+
+## Step 1
+
+Handle the basic case of 0 through 99.
+
+If the input to the program is `22`, then the output should be `'twenty-two'`.
+
+Your program should complain loudly if given a number outside the blessed range.
+
+Some good test cases for this program are:
+
+- 0
+- 14
+- 50
+- 98
+- -1
+- 100
+
+### Extension
+
+If you're on a Mac, shell out to Mac OS X's `say` program to talk out loud.
+If you're on Linux or Windows, eSpeakNG may be available with the command `espeak`.
+
+## Step 2
+
+Implement breaking a number up into chunks of thousands.
+
+So `1234567890` should yield a list like 1, 234, 567, and 890, while the far simpler `1000` should yield just 1 and 0.
+
+## Step 3
+
+Now handle inserting the appropriate scale word between those chunks.
+
+So `1234567890` should yield `'1 billion 234 million 567 thousand 890'`
+
+The program must also report any values that are out of range.
+It's fine to stop at "trillion".
+
+## Step 4
+
+Put it all together to get nothing but plain English.
+
+`12345` should give `twelve thousand three hundred forty-five`.
+
+The program must also report any values that are out of range.

exercises/practice/say/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "frequenter-at-exercism"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "say.R"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "test_say.R"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.R"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Given a number from 0 to 999,999,999,999, spell out that number in English.",
+  "source": "A variation on the JavaRanch CattleDrive, Assignment 4",
+  "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240907035912/https://coderanch.com/wiki/718804"
+}

exercises/practice/say/.meta/example.R

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+small_n <- c(
+  'one',
+  'two',
+  'three',
+  'four',
+  'five',
+  'six',
+  'seven',
+  'eight',
+  'nine',
+  'ten',
+  'eleven',
+  'twelve',
+  'thirteen',
+  'fourteen',
+  'fifteen',
+  'sixteen',
+  'seventeen',
+  'eighteen',
+  'nineteen')
+
+tens <- c(
+  'ten',
+  'twenty',
+  'thirty',
+  'forty',
+  'fifty',
+  'sixty',
+  'seventy',
+  'eighty',
+  'ninety')
+
+oom <- c('billion', 'million', 'thousand', '')
+
+say_group <- \(n) {
+  h <- n %/% 100
+  if (h == 0) sh <- c()
+  else sh <- c(small_n[h], 'hundred')
+  r <- n %% 100
+  if (r < 20) sh <- c(sh, small_n[r])
+  else sh <- c(sh, tens[r %/% 10])
+  last <- r %% 10
+  if (last > 0 && r >= 20) sh <- c(sh, '-', small_n[last])
+  sh
+}
+
+group <- \(number) {
+  groups <- rep(0, 4)
+  for (i in 4:1) {
+    groups[i] <- number %% 1000
+    number <- number %/% 1000
+  }
+  groups
+}
+
+say <- \(number) {
+  if (number < 0 || number >= 1e12) stop('input out of range')
+  if (number == 0) return('zero')
+  groups <- group(number)
+  sh <- c()
+  for (i in 1:3) {
+    if (groups[i] > 0) {
+      sh <- c(sh, say_group(groups[i]), oom[i])
+    }
+  }
+  sh <- c(sh, say_group(groups[4]))
+  gsub(' - ', '-', paste(sh, collapse = ' '))
+}

exercises/practice/say/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[5d22a120-ba0c-428c-bd25-8682235d83e8]
+description = "zero"
+
+[9b5eed77-dbf6-439d-b920-3f7eb58928f6]
+description = "one"
+
+[7c499be1-612e-4096-a5e1-43b2f719406d]
+description = "fourteen"
+
+[f541dd8e-f070-4329-92b4-b7ce2fcf06b4]
+description = "twenty"
+
+[d78601eb-4a84-4bfa-bf0e-665aeb8abe94]
+description = "twenty-two"
+
+[f010d4ca-12c9-44e9-803a-27789841adb1]
+description = "thirty"
+
+[738ce12d-ee5c-4dfb-ad26-534753a98327]
+description = "ninety-nine"
+
+[e417d452-129e-4056-bd5b-6eb1df334dce]
+description = "one hundred"
+
+[d6924f30-80ba-4597-acf6-ea3f16269da8]
+description = "one hundred twenty-three"
+
+[2f061132-54bc-4fd4-b5df-0a3b778959b9]
+description = "two hundred"
+
+[feed6627-5387-4d38-9692-87c0dbc55c33]
+description = "nine hundred ninety-nine"
+
+[3d83da89-a372-46d3-b10d-de0c792432b3]
+description = "one thousand"
+
+[865af898-1d5b-495f-8ff0-2f06d3c73709]
+description = "one thousand two hundred thirty-four"
+
+[b6a3f442-266e-47a3-835d-7f8a35f6cf7f]
+description = "one million"
+
+[2cea9303-e77e-4212-b8ff-c39f1978fc70]
+description = "one million two thousand three hundred forty-five"
+
+[3e240eeb-f564-4b80-9421-db123f66a38f]
+description = "one billion"
+
+[9a43fed1-c875-4710-8286-5065d73b8a9e]
+description = "a big number"
+
+[49a6a17b-084e-423e-994d-a87c0ecc05ef]
+description = "numbers below zero are out of range"
+
+[4d6492eb-5853-4d16-9d34-b0f61b261fd9]
+description = "numbers above 999,999,999,999 are out of range"

exercises/practice/say/say.R

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+say <- function(number) {
+}

exercises/practice/say/test_say.R

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+source("./say.R")
+library(testthat)
+
+test_that("zero", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(0),
+    "zero")
+})
+
+test_that("one", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(1),
+    "one")
+})
+
+test_that("fourteen", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(14),
+    "fourteen")
+})
+
+test_that("twenty", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(20),
+    "twenty")
+})
+
+test_that("twenty-two", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(22),
+    "twenty-two")
+})
+
+test_that("thirty", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(30),
+    "thirty")
+})
+
+test_that("ninety-nine", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(99),
+    "ninety-nine")
+})
+
+test_that("one hundred", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(100),
+    "one hundred")
+})
+
+test_that("one hundred twenty-three", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(123),
+    "one hundred twenty-three")
+})
+
+test_that("two hundred", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(200),
+    "two hundred")
+})
+
+test_that("nine hundred ninety-nine", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(999),
+    "nine hundred ninety-nine")
+})
+
+test_that("one thousand", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(1000),
+    "one thousand")
+})
+
+test_that("one thousand two hundred thirty-four", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(1234),
+    "one thousand two hundred thirty-four")
+})
+
+test_that("one million", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(1000000),
+    "one million")
+})
+
+test_that("one million two thousand three hundred forty-five", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(1002345),
+    "one million two thousand three hundred forty-five")
+})
+
+test_that("one billion", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(1000000000),
+    "one billion")
+})
+
+test_that("a big number", {
+  expect_equal(
+    say(987654321123),
+    "nine hundred eighty-seven billion six hundred fifty-four million three hundred twenty-one thousand one hundred twenty-three") # nolint
+})
+
+test_that("numbers below zero are out of range", {
+  expect_error(say(-1), "input out of range")
+})
+
+test_that("numbers above 999,999,999,999 are out of range", {
+  expect_error(say(1000000000000),
+    "input out of range")
+})