Switch to using SqlDbType.Json (dotnet#36397)

Closes dotnet#34414

Author: roji

src/EFCore.SqlServer/Storage/Internal/SqlServerOwnedJsonTypeMapping.cs

@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@ protected override void ConfigureParameter(DbParameter parameter)
         if (StoreType == "json"
             && parameter is SqlParameter sqlParameter) // To avoid crashing wrapping providers
         {
-            // TODO:SQLJSON Issue #34414
-            sqlParameter.SqlDbType = ((SqlDbType)35);
+            sqlParameter.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Json;
         }
 
         base.ConfigureParameter(parameter);

src/EFCore.SqlServer/Storage/Internal/SqlServerStringTypeMapping.cs

@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ public class SqlServerStringTypeMapping : StringTypeMapping
     ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
     ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new Entity Framework Core release.
     /// </summary>
-    // TODO:SQLJSON Issue #34414
-    public static SqlServerStringTypeMapping JsonTypeDefault { get; } = new("json", sqlDbType: (SqlDbType)35);
+    public static SqlServerStringTypeMapping JsonTypeDefault { get; } = new("json", sqlDbType: SqlDbType.Json);
 
     /// <summary>
     ///     This is an internal API that supports the Entity Framework Core infrastructure and not subject to
@@ -158,9 +157,8 @@ protected override void ConfigureParameter(DbParameter parameter)
         var value = parameter.Value;
         var length = (value as string)?.Length;
 
-        // TODO:SQLJSON Issue #34414
         var sqlDbType = _sqlDbType
-            ?? (StoreType == "json" ? (SqlDbType)35 : null);
+            ?? (StoreType == "json" ? SqlDbType.Json : null);
 
         if (sqlDbType.HasValue
             && parameter is SqlParameter sqlParameter) // To avoid crashing wrapping providers

test/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/TestUtilities/TestEnvironment.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ public static class TestEnvironment
 
     private static bool? _supportsJsonPathExpressions;
 
+    private static bool? _isJsonTypeSupported;
+
     private static bool? _isVectorTypeSupported;
 
     private static bool? _supportsFunctions2017;
@@ -400,9 +402,32 @@ public static bool IsFunctions2022Supported
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO:SQLJSON Issue #34414
     public static bool IsJsonTypeSupported
-        => false;
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            if (!IsConfigured)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (_isJsonTypeSupported.HasValue)
+            {
+                return _isJsonTypeSupported.Value;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                _isJsonTypeSupported = GetProductMajorVersion() >= 17 || IsSqlAzure;
+            }
+            catch (PlatformNotSupportedException)
+            {
+                _isJsonTypeSupported = false;
+            }
+
+            return _isJsonTypeSupported.Value;
+        }
+    }
 
     public static bool IsVectorTypeSupported
     {