@@ -1117,100 +1117,6 @@ starting the operating system. Even better, you can use an auto-submit
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batch file to customzie the assignments at startup without any user
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intervention.
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- ## Disk Operations/Commands
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-
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- With some understanding of how RomWBW presents disk space to the
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- operating systems, we need to go over the options for actually setting
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- up your disk(s) with content.
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-
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- ### Preparing Media for First Use
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-
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- You can initialize the media in-place using your RomWBW system.
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- Essentially, this means you are creating a set of blank directories on
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- your disk so that files can be saved there.
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- This is somewhat analogous to partitioning of a hard disk
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- or doing a low level format of a floppy disk.
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-
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- Initilizing a Floppy disk is covered in the section [ Floppy Disk Formatting] ,
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- or for a Hard disk the section [ Hard Disk Preparation] covers the steps to
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- manually setup a hard disk for first use.
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-
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- ### Clearing (Formatting) Drives
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-
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- This is somewhat analogous to doing a FORMAT operation on other systems.
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-
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- With RomWBW you use the ` CLRDIR ` command to do this.
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- This command is merely "clearing out" the directory space of the drive
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- referred to by a drive letter and setting up the new empty directory.
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-
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- Refer to $doc_apps$ for more information on use of the ` CLRDIR ` command.
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-
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- Since ` CLRDIR ` works on drive letters, make
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- absolutely sure you know what media and slice are assigned to that
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- drive letter before using ` CLRDIR ` because ` CLRDIR ` will wipe out any
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- pre-existing contents of the slice.
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-
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- After ` CLRDIR ` completes, the slice should be ready to use by the operating
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- system via the drive letter assigned.
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- Start by using the ` DIR ` command on the drive.
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- This should return without error, but list no files.
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-
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- Here is an example of using ` CLRDIR ` . In this example, the ` ASSIGN `
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- command is used to show the current drive letter assignments. Then
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- the ` CLRDIR ` command is used to initialize the directory of drive 'G'
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- which is slice 2 of hard disk device IDE0 ("IDE0:2").
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-
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- ```
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- B>ASSIGN
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-
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- A:=MD0:0
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- B:=MD1:0
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- C:=FD0:0
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- D:=FD1:0
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- E:=IDE0:0
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- F:=IDE0:1
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- G:=IDE0:2
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- H:=IDE0:3
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-
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- B>CLDIR G:
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- CLRDIR Version 1.2B May 2024 by Max Scane
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-
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- Warning - this utility will overwrite the directory sectors of Drive: G
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- Type CAPITAL Y to proceed, any key other key to exit. Y
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- Directory cleared.
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- B>
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- ```
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-
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- ### Checking Disk Layout
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-
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- If you are not sure which disk layout is used for your existing
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- media, you can use the CP/M 2.2 ` STAT ` command to display information
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- including the number of "32 Byte Directory Entries"
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- for a drive letter on the corresponding hard disk.
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-
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- - If it indicates 512, your disk layout is Classic (hd512).
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- - If it indicates 1024, your disk layout is Modern (hd1k).
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-
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- Here is an example of checking the disk layout.
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-
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- ```
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- B>STAT E:DSK:
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-
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- E: Drive Characteristics
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- 65408: 128 Byte Record Capacity
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- 8176: Kilobyte Drive Capacity
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- 1024: 32 Byte Directory Entries
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- 0: Checked Directory Entries
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- 256: Records/ Extent
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- 32: Records/ Block
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- 64: Sectors/ Track
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- 2: Reserved Tracks
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- ```
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-
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- It is critical that you include ` DSK: ` after the drive letter in the
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- ` STAT ` command line. The important line to look at is labeled "32 Byte
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- Directory Entries".
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-
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# Disk Types
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## RAM & ROM Disks
@@ -1500,7 +1406,9 @@ There are two approaches to preparing disks for use by RomWBW.
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including files to a disk.
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This section of the document describes the manual process of preparing
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- empty disks that are ready for use by an operating system.
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+ empty disks that are ready for use by an operating system.
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+ This is somewhat analogous to partitioning and formatting of a hard disk
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+ or doing a low level format of a floppy disk.
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Alternatively, you can use the pre-built RomWBW disk images to quickly
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create disk media that already has a large selection of files and
@@ -1728,12 +1636,7 @@ You need to initialize each slice for CP/M to use it.
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This is somewhat analogous to doing a FORMAT operation on other systems,
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and is done using the ` CLRDIR ` command.
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- This is covered in the section [ Clearing (Formatting) Drives]
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-
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- ** WARNING** : Earlier versions of the ` CLRDIR ` application do not
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- appear to check for disk errors when it runs. If you attempt to run
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- ` CLRDIR ` on a drive that is mapped to a slice that does not actually fit
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- on the physical disk, it may behave erratically.
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+ This is covered in the next section [ Clearing (Formatting) Drives]
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Assuming you want to use additional slices, you should initialize them
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using the same process. You may need to reassign drive letters to
@@ -1742,11 +1645,57 @@ You can use the `ASSIGN` command to handle this.
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## Post Disk Preparation
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- Once a disk (either floppy or hard disk) has been initialised and
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- formattted you may optionally;
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+ Once a disk has been initialised you may need to do one or more of the following;
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+ * Clear (Format) the drive
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* Make the disk bootable
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* Copy system (or other) files to the disk
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+ ### Clearing (Formatting) Drives
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+
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+ This is somewhat analogous to doing a FORMAT operation on other systems.
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+
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+ With RomWBW you use the ` CLRDIR ` command to do this.
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+ This command is merely "clearing out" the directory space of the drive
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+ referred to by a drive letter and setting up the new empty directory.
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+
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+ Refer to $doc_apps$ for more information on use of the ` CLRDIR ` command.
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+
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+ Since ` CLRDIR ` works on drive letters, make
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+ absolutely sure you know what media and slice are assigned to that
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+ drive letter before using ` CLRDIR ` because ` CLRDIR ` will wipe out any
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+ pre-existing contents of the slice.
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+
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+ After ` CLRDIR ` completes, the drive should be ready to use by the operating
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+ system via the drive letter assigned.
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+ Start by using the ` DIR ` command on the drive.
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+ This should return without error, but list no files.
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+
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+ Here is an example of using ` CLRDIR ` . In this example, the ` ASSIGN `
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+ command is used to show the current drive letter assignments. Then
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+ the ` CLRDIR ` command is used to initialize the directory of drive 'G'
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+ which is slice 2 of hard disk device IDE0 ("IDE0:2").
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+
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+ ```
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+ B>ASSIGN
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+
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+ A:=MD0:0
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+ B:=MD1:0
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+ C:=FD0:0
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+ D:=FD1:0
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+ E:=IDE0:0
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+ F:=IDE0:1
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+ G:=IDE0:2
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+ H:=IDE0:3
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+
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+ B>CLDIR G:
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+ CLRDIR Version 1.2B May 2024 by Max Scane
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+
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+ Warning - this utility will overwrite the directory sectors of Drive: G
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+ Type CAPITAL Y to proceed, any key other key to exit. Y
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+ Directory cleared.
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+ B>
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+ ```
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+
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### Making a Disk Bootable
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To make a disk bootable you will need to follow the specific instructions
@@ -1777,6 +1726,38 @@ system and application files to your disks.
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Refer to [ Transferring Files] for more information on getting
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files onto your disks.
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+ ### Checking Disk Layout
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+
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+ If you are not sure which disk layout is used for your existing
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+ media, you can use the CP/M 2.2 ` STAT ` command to display information
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+ including the number of "32 Byte Directory Entries"
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+ for a drive letter on the corresponding hard disk.
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+
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+ Note: For CP/M 3 the command is ` SHOW [DRIVE] `
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+
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+ - If it indicates 512, your disk layout is Classic (hd512).
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+ - If it indicates 1024, your disk layout is Modern (hd1k).
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+
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+ Here is an example of checking the disk layout.
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+
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+ ```
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+ B>STAT E:DSK:
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+
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+ E: Drive Characteristics
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+ 65408: 128 Byte Record Capacity
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+ 8176: Kilobyte Drive Capacity
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+ 1024: 32 Byte Directory Entries
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+ 0: Checked Directory Entries
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+ 256: Records/ Extent
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+ 32: Records/ Block
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+ 64: Sectors/ Track
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+ 2: Reserved Tracks
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+ ```
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+
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+ It is critical that you include ` DSK: ` after the drive letter in the
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+ ` STAT ` command line. The important line to look at is labeled "32 Byte
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+ Directory Entries".
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+
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# Disk Images
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Since it would be quite a bit of work to transfer over all the files you
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